انگلیسی 1397

There is nothing stronger than those two: Patience and Time. The year was 1805. Napoleon's conquest of western Europe was causing anxiety among the Russians. In alliance with the Austrian empire, the Russian troops were trying to resist Napoleon's onslaught. War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy chronicles the French invasion of Russia and its impact on Tsarist Russia, through the stories of five families—the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, the Rostovs, the Kuragins, and the Drubetskoys. The Russian Messenger published portions of the manuscript, titled The Year 1805, as a serial from 1865–1867. Dissatisfied with the published version, Tolstoy extensively rewrote the novel between 1866 and 1869. After his wife, Sophia Tolstaya, copied as many as seven "separate" manuscripts, the author considered it for publication, again. Tolstoy finally changed the name to War and Peace; it is believed that he borrowed the title from Pierre- Joseph Proudhon's 1861 book, La Guerre et la Paix. War and Peace has been translated into several languages and is regarded as Tolstoy's finest literary achievement.