انگلیسی 1377

Ladakh, situated in the Himalayas on the far northern frontiers of India, is one of the coldest regions in the world. It was completely inaccessible, relatively being isolated among its high mountains and often politically closed-off. For about six months every year it remains cut-off from the rest of India. The road over the Zoila is blocked due to heavy snowfall. The fields are frozen at this time and nothing can be grown. People pass their time by doing handicraft work and arranging feasts and festivals. Many nomadic tribes migrated through high Himalayan regions towards 2nd and mid 3rd millennium B.C. Buddhism was first carried to Lakakh by Mons and Dards during 2nd century A.D. Later after 9th century Mongolians of Tibetan origin strengthened Buddhism in Ladakh. Ladakh has a unique Buddhist culture which cannot be seen in any other part of India. Ladakh's proximity to Central Asia, Tibet and the silk route turned it into a major gateway in the Indo-Central Asia for exchange of men and materials. Numerous caravan routes that converged near Leh acted as the channels of communication between India and Central Asia. The present study seeks to discuss varied aspects of Ladakh such as regional geography; flora and fauna; history; ancient races; rock carvings and sculptures; social customs; religion & society; Buddhism; trade and economy; and transport and communication system. Thus the past and present study will help the readers to know much more about this magnificent land. Dr. Prem Singh Jina did his Ph.D from the Postgraduate Department of Economics, Kumaun University, Nainital. He is at present attached with the Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Leh, Ladakh and is actively doing his research work on Ladakh Himalaya.