الإنجليزية 1443

Born in Corsica in 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte, the great French military and political leader rose to become the great Emperor of the French, after he led France against a series of coalition states in the Napoleonic Wars. A series of victories under Napoleon helped France gain a dominant position in the continental Europe and maintain its sphere of influence against many European countries. His regime saw the establishment of the Legion of Honors and orders of chivalry to appreciate civilian and military achievements, while civil code of laws came to exist as Napoleonic code. Hailed as the greatest military commander of his times, Napoleon's campaigns are even now studied at many military schools across the world. The Peninsular War and the French invasion of Russia in 1812 became turning points in Napoleon's good fortunes while the year 1813 marked his downfall when the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig. In 1814, it invaded France and exiled him to the island of Elba. After a year he escaped and tried to come back, but was defeated again at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. The last years of this great leader were spent in confinement, where he later died.